INTRODUCTION TO CRAFT BREWERIES
The
oldest surviving recipe in the world can be found on a 3,800 year-old clay
tablet, as part as a hymn to Ninkasi, the Sumerian goddess of brewing. The
recipe? For beer of course! It is believed that beer was the original
motivation for planting the first wheat crops, not for baking bread as initially
suggested. For millennia since, beer has inspired progress, and is responsible
for some of earth’s greatest achievements; including math, poetry, pyramids,
modern medicine, labor laws, and has altogether helped shape America into the
country it is today.
Beer
has evolved since the beginning of time. Once brewed with herbs and spices, and
then prayed upon until the start of fermentation (fermentation was called “God
is good”), brewers today understand the science behind the craft, and beer has
been retooled to [traditionally], include water, grains, hops, and yeast.
Styles
are generally lumped into two main categories: lagers and ales. These styles
are dependent on the type of yeast selected and the temperatures at which they
are fermented. Lagers are cold fermented. Ales are warm fermented. Prior to the
advent of refrigeration, these characteristics dictated the brewing schedule,
and ales and lagers were brewed according to the season.
The
first half of the 20th century saw periods of prohibition of
alcoholic beverages in several countries. Much of the impetus for the movement
in the Nordic countries and North America came from moralistic convictions of
pietistic Protestants. Prohibition movements in the West coincided with the
advent of women's
suffrage,
with newly empowered women as part of the political process strongly supporting
policies that curbed alcohol consumption.
After several years, prohibition became a
failure in North America and elsewhere, as bootlegging became widespread and organized crime took control of the
distribution of alcohol. Distilleries and breweries in Canada, Mexico and the Caribbean flourished as their
products were either consumed by visiting Americans or illegally exported to
the United States. Chicago became notorious as a
haven for prohibition dodgers during the time known as the Roaring Twenties. Prohibition
generally came to an end in the late 1920s or early 1930s in most of North
America and Europe, although a few locations continued prohibition for many
more years.
The
years following prohibition brought low alcohol, nearly tasteless lagers to the
market. The largest macro-breweries were seemingly competing to have the
lightest--what they colloquially referred to as “less filling”--beer possible.
Adjuncts such as rice and corn replaced much of the grain, and the hops where
seemingly waved past the beer. This product was cheap and non-offending to
most, but largely unpalatable to beer aficionados. Instead of selling beer by
it merits in taste, the macros convinced consumers through clever marketing
that their product was cool. The macros brought us such gimmicks as the Clydesdale
Horses, the talking frogs, cold-activated cans (as if it is no longer possible
to determine adequate refrigeration by sense of touch), the vented widemouth can, and so on.
Today is different and the beer revolutuion has begun! Small,
traditional, and independent breweries are bringing back the flavorful beers of
our forefathers. New styles and techniques abound.
The consumer’s palette
has become more sophisticated and they desire unique and robust tastes in beer.
With the increased interest in beer came an increased interest in variety.
Books, magazines, and internet sites devoted to beer have gained popularity as
beer drinkers choose to learn more about the beer and the brewing process. Beer
connoisseurs are learning which beer pairs well with which food. Seasonal
flavors appeal to unique tastes and add to the allure of specialty beer. With
certainty, the craft brewing movement is not a fad, but a fixture.
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Without the craft beer industry this wouldn't have been possible. |